Rhinitis that reduces quality of life
Rhinitis that reduces quality of life
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Rhinitis is a general term for various symptoms caused by inflammation of the nasal mucosa. In addition to a simple stuffy nose and runny nose, it can be accompanied by various discomforts. It can be broadly divided into allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis .
1. Allergic Rhinitis
It's as if our bodies recognize certain substances as enemies and overreact. These substances are called **allergens**. Some typical allergens are as follows:
- Dust mites: Very small bugs that live in indoor dust, and their feces or dead bodies can cause allergic reactions.
- Pollen: Pollen from trees, grass, and weeds in the spring, summer, and fall is the main cause. It is the main culprit of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
- Animal hair and dander: Pet hair and dander that falls from the skin can also be allergens.
- Mold: Mold spores, which thrive in moist environments, can sometimes cause allergic reactions.
- Cockroaches: Cockroach secretions and carcasses can also act as allergens.
When exposed to allergic rhinitis, our body produces a specific antibody called **IgE (Immunoglobulin E)**, and when this antibody meets the allergen again, a chemical substance such as histamine is secreted. This histamine causes the following symptoms.
- Clear nasal discharge: A runny nose is characteristic.
- Nasal congestion: The nasal mucosa swells, making breathing difficult.
- Sneezing: You sneeze repeatedly and in fits and starts.
- Itchy nose: In addition to your nose, you may also feel itchy in your eyes, throat, and ears.
- Tearful: Your eyes may become bloodshot or watery.
Allergic rhinitis is known to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. If you have a family history of the disease, you may be at a higher risk.
2. Non-allergic Rhinitis
This refers to cases where inflammation of the nasal mucosa occurs due to various factors, regardless of allergens. In many cases, the cause is not clear, but the following factors may have an effect.
- Vasomotor rhinitis: Symptoms may appear when the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa overreact to changes in temperature or humidity, strong odors, cigarette smoke, stress, etc. It may also appear after meals.
- Drug-induced rhinitis: This may occur as a side effect of certain medications (e.g., blood pressure medications, birth control pills, long-term use of decongestants, etc.).
- Hormonal rhinitis: Hormonal changes such as pregnancy, menstruation, and thyroid dysfunction can affect the nasal mucosa.
- Occupational rhinitis: It can be caused by exposure to chemicals or dust in certain occupational environments.
- Chronic infections: Chronic nasal or sinus infections can cause or worsen rhinitis.
- Nasal structural abnormalities: Structural abnormalities of the nose, such as a deviated nasal septum, can cause rhinitis symptoms.
Symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis may be similar to those of allergic rhinitis, but sneezing and itchy nose are less common, and nasal congestion and runny nose are more common. The runny nose may be clear or sticky.
Diagnosis of rhinitis
To accurately diagnose rhinitis, you can undergo the following tests at the hospital:
- Medical history and physical examination: Your doctor will ask you detailed questions about your symptoms, when they occurred, your family history, etc., and will also examine the inside of your nose.
- Skin Prick Test: A small amount of various allergen solutions is dropped on the skin and the reaction is observed to determine which substance you are allergic to.
- Blood test (IgE test): Checks for allergies by measuring total IgE levels in the blood or levels of IgE antibodies to specific allergens.
- Nasal airway testing: Objectively assesses the degree of nasal congestion by measuring the amount and speed of air breathed through the nose.
- Nasal endoscopy: An endoscope with a tiny camera is inserted into the nose to directly examine the condition of the nasal mucosa.
Treatment and management of rhinitis
Treatment of rhinitis focuses on 스포츠토토사이트 and improving quality of life. Treatment methods may vary depending on the type and severity of rhinitis.
- Avoidance therapy: In the case of allergic rhinitis, it is most important to avoid allergens as much as possible. For example, if you are allergic to house dust mites, it is helpful to wash bedding frequently and use anti-allergy functional bedding. If you are allergic to pollen, it is recommended to refrain from going outside or wear a mask during the pollen season.
- Drug treatment: A variety of medications can be used to relieve symptoms.
- Antihistamines: Effective for relieving runny nose, sneezing, and itching. There are first-generation antihistamines that cause drowsiness and second-generation antihistamines that cause less drowsiness.
- Nasal steroid spray: It is effective for various symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing by reducing inflammation of the nasal mucosa, and it is important to use it consistently.
- Decongestants: These can provide quick relief from nasal congestion, but be careful because long-term use can actually make nasal congestion worse.
- Leukotriene modifiers: Relieve symptoms by inhibiting the action of leukotrienes involved in allergic reactions.
- Immunotherapy (allergy injections/sublingual therapy): This is a treatment that causes our body to react less to certain allergens. Although it requires long-term treatment, it can be expected to fundamentally improve allergic diseases.
- Surgical treatment: If structural abnormalities of the nose, such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps, worsen rhinitis symptoms, surgery may be considered.
- Saline irrigation: This can help relieve symptoms by washing away foreign matter or inflammatory substances in the nose. It is safe to do this several times a day.
- Managing your lifestyle habits:
- It is important to maintain appropriate indoor temperature and humidity.
- On days with severe fine dust, it is helpful to refrain from going outside and use an air purifier.
- Drinking plenty of fluids will help thin nasal mucus and make it easier to drain.
- Stress management and regular lifestyle habits are also important in alleviating rhinitis symptoms.
Rhinitis is a disease that can significantly reduce the quality of life, but it can be sufficiently managed with proper diagnosis and treatment. If discomfort persists, it is important to visit a hospital, consult a specialist, and establish a treatment plan that suits you.
Do you have any specific situations or questions about rhinitis symptoms? If there is anything you would like to know more about, please feel free to ask. I will answer in as much detail as I can.
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